Exploring therapeutic implications of Faṣd (Venesection): An evidence-based approach
Keywords:
Faṣd; Al-Iftiṣād;venesection; Ilāj-bit-Tadbīr; regimenal therapy; Unani; IstifrāghAbstract
Faṣd is a foundational practice within Ilāj-bit-Tadbīr (regimenal therapy) framework of Unani medicine. Recognized for its preventive and therapeutic benefits, Faṣd (venesection) has been employed for centuries alongside other bloodletting techniques such as Hijāma (cupping) and Irsāl-e-‘Alaq (leech therapy). According to the World Health Organization’s International Standard Terminologies on Unani medicine, Faṣd or Al-Iftiṣād (IUMT-7.2.6) serves as a regimenal intervention aimed at the complete evacuation of morbid matter, thereby facilitating the moderation and balance of all four humours. The procedure involves the deliberate incision of specific veins to expel Akhlāṭ Radī’ (morbid humours) and restore the body's physiological equilibrium. Rooted in the principle of Istifrāgh (excretion), venesection is designed to alleviate Imtilā’ (congestion) and reduce blood viscosity, contributing to overall systemic harmony. This paper delves into the historical development of venesection, outlines procedural protocols, and highlights its therapeutic relevance. It further integrates contemporary scientific insights and identifies clinical conditions where Faṣd demonstrates potential efficacy.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Shah Alam, Jamal Akhtar, Irfan Ahmad, Nikhat Shaikh, Mohd Adil, Ziaur Rehman (Author)
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